Further help with Reductio
Example of a difficult derivation
6/1/09 [need to check]
6/1/09 [need to check]
10/15/14 under construction
[Deriver works in the form either of javascript widgets, which appear directly in a web page viewed through a web browser, or as a downloadable java application, which runs like any other application (usually off the desktop on your computer).]
With the widgets in web pages, it should be fairly clear what the possibilities are. The downloaded application offers more, but at the cost of being more complex.)
6/1/09 need to check
2013
You may have derivations of your own that you wish to try. Just type, paste, or drag and drop, them into the panel, select your derivation, and click 'Start from selection'. [Often copy-and-paste won't work directly from a Web Page; however, usually drag-and-drop will work!]
You will need to use the correct logical symbols. Here they are
F ∴ F & G ∼ & ∨ ⊃ ≡ ∀ ∃ ∴ (or use the palette to produce them)
4/24/06
4/24/06
4/24/06
4/24/06
To understand how the various restrictions on the quantificational rules work to exclude certain kinds of invalid inferences
Bergmann[2004] The Logic Book Section 10.1
If a derivation contains a line of the form
n (∀<variable>)<scope> <any justification>
then a line of the form
<<scope>[<constant>/<variable>]> 'n ∀E'