2013
The Tutorial
There also is a rule for adding a Universal Quantifier. This permits the step illustrated by the following proof fragments.
The rule is quite simple
The Rule of Universal Generalization UG
If a derivation contains a line of the form
n. <formula> <any justification>
then a line of the form
(∀<variable>)<formula> 'n UG'
may be added to the derivation, provided that <variable> is not free in the <assumptions> of the formula that is generalized (the formula of line n).
You will notice that there is a restriction on the rule-- what this is, and why it is there, will be considered in Tutorial 23.
Exercise to accompany Predicate Tutorial 9
Exercise 1(of 1)
Derive the following
(a) Fa ∴ (∀x)Fa
(b) (∀x) (Fx∧Gx) ∴ (∀x)Fx
(c) (∀x) (Fx∧Gx) ∴ (∀y)Fy
(d) ∴ (∀x)Fx≡(∀y)Fy
(e) (∀x) (Fx∧Gx) ∴ (∀y)Fy∧(∀z)Gz
(f) ∴ (∀x) (Fx∧Gx) ≡ (∀y)Fy∧(∀z)Gz
(g) ∴ (∀x) (Fx∧Gx) ≡ (∀x)Fx∧(∀x)Gx
If you decide to use the web application for the exercises you can launch it from here Deriver [Gentzen] — username 'logic' password 'logic'. Then either copy and paste the above formulas into the Journal or use the Deriver File Menu to Open Web Page with this address https://softoption.us/test/easyDeriver/CombinedExercisesEasyDGentzen.html .
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